Proper script formatting is essential for ensuring that your screenplay looks professional and adheres to industry standards. Whether you’re writing for film, television, or theater, understanding the correct format can make a significant difference in getting your script noticed by producers, agents, and other professionals. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the essential steps for formatting a script, including the required elements and how to arrange them.
1. General Formatting Rules
Before diving into the specifics, here are a few general rules for script formatting:
- Font: Use 12-point Courier or Courier New font. This is the standard font for screenplays because it ensures that one page roughly equals one minute of screen time.
- Margins: Set the top margin to 1 inch, the bottom margin to 1 inch, and both left and right margins to 1.5 inches. This gives enough space for binding the script and ensures that text isn’t too cramped.
- Page Numbers: Place page numbers in the upper right corner, 1 inch from the top of the page, aligned with the right margin.
- Spacing: The text should be single-spaced, with double spaces between elements (e.g., between scene headings, dialogue, and action).
2. Elements of a Script
A screenplay is divided into several key sections, each of which should be formatted correctly. Here’s a breakdown of the essential elements:
Scene Heading (Slugline)
- The scene heading, also known as the slugline, provides critical information about where and when a scene takes place.
- It is always written in capital letters.
- Format: INT. or EXT. [Location] – [Time of Day]
- Example: EXT. CENTRAL PARK – DAY
Action
- The action description is written in present tense, providing a brief but detailed account of what happens visually in the scene.
- It should describe only what is seen or heard (no internal thoughts or emotions).
- Action lines should be concise and clear.
- Example: A car speeds down the highway, tires screeching as it races towards the cliff.
Character Name
- Character names are written in uppercase letters and centered above their dialogue.
- Example: JOHN
Dialogue
- Dialogue should be centered and placed beneath the character’s name.
- Each line of dialogue should be written in present tense and should be concise.
- Example:
JOHN
What are you waiting for? Go!
Parentheticals
- A parenthetical is used when you need to clarify how a line of dialogue should be delivered or to give brief instructions for the actor.
- It is placed directly under the character’s name and before the dialogue.
- Parentheticals should be used sparingly.
- Format: (emotion or action)
- Example:
JOHN
(frustrated)
You can’t be serious.
Transitions
- Transitions are used to show how scenes move from one to the next (e.g., cuts, fades, or dissolves).
- They are aligned to the right margin and are in uppercase letters.
- Example: CUT TO:
Shots (Optional)
- Some scripts, especially for specific genres or television shows, may require shots to be included. These are specific camera instructions that detail how a scene should be filmed.
- They are placed in the action section but are not commonly used in standard screenplay formats unless requested by the director or producer.
- Example: CLOSE UP on the letter in her hands.
3. Formatting Specific Script Sections
Montage
- A montage is a series of short scenes that convey a lot of information quickly.
- It usually begins with the word MONTAGE in uppercase, followed by a list of scenes or events in the sequence.
- Example:
MONTAGE:- John running through the rain.
- Sarah packing her suitcase.
- A car speeding down a highway.
Flashback
- When writing a flashback, the word FLASHBACK is written at the beginning of the scene heading.
- Example:
FLASHBACK – INT. LIVING ROOM – NIGHT
Voiceover (V.O.)
- When a character’s dialogue is heard over a scene but they aren’t speaking directly to another character, you should include V.O. next to the character’s name.
- Example:
JOHN (V.O.)
It’s hard to remember the past when it’s all blurred together.
Off-Screen (O.S.)
- When a character is speaking but is not visible on screen, use (O.S.) after their name.
- Example:
SARAH (O.S.)
Where are you going?
4. Final Draft and Proofreading
Once you’ve written your script, it’s essential to proofread it carefully. Check for any formatting errors, inconsistent punctuation, or spelling mistakes. Formatting mistakes can make your script look unprofessional and may hinder its chances of being considered by industry professionals.
After finalizing your script, save it in the appropriate format (typically .pdf for submissions) to ensure that it’s accessible to others without losing its formatting.
5. Using Script Writing Software
Many screenwriters use professional script writing software, which can automate much of the formatting process. These tools ensure that your script adheres to industry standards without requiring you to manually adjust margins, spacing, or page numbers. Popular script writing software includes:
- Final Draft: Industry-standard software with built-in templates for various types of screenplays.
- Celtx: A more affordable option that offers cloud-based writing and collaboration tools.
- WriterDuet: A scriptwriting software designed for collaboration, which allows multiple users to write together in real time.
Formatting a script properly is essential for ensuring it’s taken seriously by industry professionals. Whether you’re writing your first screenplay or you’re a seasoned writer, following these formatting guidelines will help make your script look polished and professional. Using the right software can further simplify the process, allowing you to focus on the story itself while ensuring your screenplay is ready for submission or production.